Tom 7
tom7.org · Personal blog · on HN since 2019
Tom Murphy VII, who posts as Tom 7, publishes offbeat research projects such as NES-playing programs, printable DOS executables, and odd hardware and floating-point experiments.
What HN saysCommenters describe his work as amazing rabbit holes that make them fans, and recommend his papers on fluint8 and GradIEEEnt.
97HN people shared it
73linked it in comments
43stories submitted
2.5Kstory points
3 months agolast shared
2019people per year2026
Most-shared posts
- 1Harder Drive: hard drives we didn't want, or need (2022) [video]10 people · 446 points · first shared 2022 · 71 comments on HN
- 2C compiler for producing completely printable DOS executables10 people · 18 points · first shared 2020 · 3 comments on HN
- 3Harder Drive: Hard drives we didn't want or need (2022) [pdf]9 people · 100 points · first shared 2022 · 25 comments on HN
- 4Learnfun and playfun: a general technique for automating NES games (2013)8 people · 46 points · first shared 2019 · 4 comments on HN
- 5No one can force me to have a secure website [pdf]8 people · 4 points · first shared 2026 · 1 comments on HN
- 6NaN Gates and Flip FLOPS7 people · 203 points · first shared 2019 · 33 comments on HN
- 7Uppestcase and Lowestcase Letters6 people · 727 points · first shared 2021 · 165 comments on HN
- 8Tom 7: Badness 0 (Three ways)6 people · 367 points · first shared 2024 · 68 comments on HN
- 9The GlEnd() of Zelda: Automatic 3Dification of NES Games (2016)5 people · 5 points · first shared 2022 · discussion on HN
- 10Is this the longest Chess game? [pdf]5 people · 3 points · first shared 2020 · discussion on HN
- 11Research paper is also an executable x86 program [pdf]4 people · 189 points · first shared 2023 · 28 comments on HN
- 12GradIEEEnt Half Decent4 people · 2 points · first shared 2023 · discussion on HN
- 13GradIEEEnt half decent – The hidden power of imprecise lines(2023) [pdf]4 people · 1 points · first shared 2023 · discussion on HN
- 14Nan gates and flip FLOPS (April first, 2019) [pdf]4 people · 1 points · first shared 2020 · discussion on HN
- 15Homepage4 people · first shared 2022
What HN people wrote when they linked it
bruckie · 2025-11-26
This is amazing. It feels like it could be a tom7 project (https://tom7.org/, https://youtube.com/@tom7).
garaetjjte · 2026-08-09
>Frankly, writing directly in emojissembly is a miserable, painful slog, lacking reasonable immediate values, arithmetic operations, or sane jump offsets. Therefore it is sensible to construct a loader that can simply build 8088 code in memory and jump to it.
If you think that self-modifying loader is too easy, I recommend Tom7 take on printable x86:
>This is like telling the waiter that you don’t eat poultry but eggs are okay, and then they bring you an egg, but that egg hatches into a chicken right after they bring it to you. Come on.
https://tom7.org/abc/paper.pdf
lioeters · 2026-02-23
An hour later. Wow that was quite a rabbit hole, I return a fan. http://tom7.org/
jonah-archive · 2026-01-28
In this lovely paper: https://tom7.org/chess/longest.pdf
The author points out that:
"This rule only applied to games started after its introduction, so it is possible that some pre-1561 games are still in progress and may never end."
lifthrasiir · 2026-01-26
Recommended readings:
Jim McCann, Tom Murphy VII, The fluint8 Software Integer Library. https://tom7.org/papers/fluint.pdf
Tom Murphy VII, GradIEEEnt half decent. https://tom7.org/grad/murphy2023grad.pdf
dejobaan · 2025-05-13
Fantastic. While it's not quite at the level of Bök's work, an inevitable comparison is all of Tom7's projects (and in particular http://tom7.org/harder). I always love when this kind of stuff pops up onto HN. I feel that we're all interesting and experimental, and sometimes need a nudge to remember that people can do weird, neat stuff.
Rendello · 2024-11-23
A lot of Tom7's projects are for SIGBOVIK:
http://tom7.org/
https://www.youtube.com/@tom7
loxias · 2023-11-27
> But you could use a representation where 0 is 0, and 1 is infinity, saving 63 bits...
Reminds me of the hilarious and brilliant: http://tom7.org/nand/
pandigital · 2022-03-31
Seems to be inspired by Tom7's "You can't win this game, it exists only to destroy your mind" [1]. Tom7 is like an indie intellectual/artistic hero of mine. Be sure to check out his other stuff. [2]
[1] http://entire.spacebar.org/ [2] http://www.tom7.org/
dane-pgp · 2021-09-05
For a hilarious read, which answers a related question, I recommend the paper "Is this the longest Chess game?", published on April 1st, 2020:
http://tom7.org/chess/longest.pdf
procparam · 2021-04-19
Some great contenders for new uppestcase letters on this page.
http://tom7.org/lowercase/
fartcannon · 2021-02-27
There was an AI created the absolutely brilliant Tom7 on on his YouTube channel 'SuckerPinch' on April 1, 2013 that paused a game of Tetris instead of losing. In my opinion, Tom doesn't get enough credit for his work. He released his AI a full 8+ months before DeepMind released their Atari playing AI.
Watch the whole thing, it's delightful. The AI pauses Tetris right before it loses at around 16mins into the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOCurBYI_gY
I also recommend his other videos. Brilliant guy.
Edit: Here's the paper http://tom7.org/mario/mario.pdf
OkGoDoIt · 2020-05-22
Ah, SIGBOVIK. So many amazing papers come out of that. My favorites are often by Tom7, see for example http://tom7.org/mario/mario.pdf or http://tom7.org/abc
kmeisthax · 2026-04-28
The problem with the toxic max-security[0] arguments is that it is always possible to invent a more gullible fool. There is no security measure that will perfectly protect a user from getting scammed out of everything, save for scamming them first and then treating their property as your own. That's the Apple argument. The only way you can keep people secure without falling into the same rhetorical trap Apple employs is with bright red lines that you swear not to cross, no matter how many people wind up getting scammed, because at the end of the day, people are adults, and their property is theirs.
Furthermore, we have to acknowledge that scam-fighting is not Google's job. They can assist with law enforcement (assuming they do not violate the rights of their customers while doing so) but they should not be making themselves judge, jury, and executioner in the process.
If you want a more concrete technical recommendation, locking down device management profiles would be a far more effective and less onerous countermeasure than putting a 24-hour waiting period on unknown app installs. Device management exists almost exclusively for the sake of businesses locking down property they're loaning out to employees, but a large subset of scams abuse this functionality. Part of the problem is that installing a device profile is designed to sound non-distressing, because it's "routine", even though you're literally installing spyware. Ideally, for a certain subset of strong…
alisonkisk · 2021-04-25
You'll love Tom7's ABC:
http://tom7.org/abc/
diimdeep · 2026-06-09
the reach is by rough estimates ~2.5–6 million websites globally, 2–5 million of those in Russia and 0.3-1 million in Iran
Whatever USofA, it's not hard to have their own cosmodrome and certificates.
Tangential, in 2026 website certificates feel like nothing, disposable automation artifact, toxic max-security[1], vehicle for those who rent seek, fingerprint.
[1] https://tom7.org/httpv/httpv.pdf
nph278 · 2026-05-27
Another good one: FixederSys by Tom7
https://tom7.org/fixedersys/
greensh · 2026-05-06
It does kinda? at least the part about to much security and it's really funny: https://tom7.org/httpv/httpv.pdf also available as Video on YouTube.
akovaski · 2025-12-03
I'd like to add that tom7 used AI to generate an upperercase and lowerercase font in 2021. https://tom7.org/lowercase/
sunrunner · 2025-10-04
Chainsaws? ICMP echo? Tetris? There are a lot of options for storage available that we're really not making good use of at the moment. [1]
[1] http://tom7.org/papers/murphy2022harder.pdf
Dwedit · 2025-08-24
Did anyone else get reminded of the Lexographic Ordering Solver that played NES games? This was featuring in Sigbovik 2013.
http://tom7.org/mario/
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOCurBYI_gY
lupire · 2025-08-22
To defend against ALL CAPS prompt injection, write all your prompts in uppestcase. If you don't have uppestcase, you can generate it with derp learning:
http://tom7.org/lowercase/
dcanelhas · 2025-03-29
On the topic of coercing bits into functioning as data storage: harder drive ( http://tom7.org/harder/ )
lloeki · 2024-10-22
From chainsaws to ICMP echo packets (and more)
http://tom7.org/harder/
tantalor · 2024-10-09
[2023] GradIEEEnt half decent: The hidden power of imprecise lines
http://tom7.org/grad/murphy2023grad.pdf
Also in video form: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae9EKCyI1xU
ejolto · 2024-09-01
You're in luck because the video is also available in the form of a research paper http://tom7.org/papers/murphy2022harder.pdf
HALtheWise · 2024-09-01
There's a research paper form available. http://tom7.org/papers/murphy2022harder.pdf
macleginn · 2024-08-27
Cf. also http://tom7.org/bovex/ (a layout engine that tries to achieve a similar effect by rephrasing the input using an LLM).
rasz · 2024-08-11
After thinking about it some more this is exactly what tom7 implemented in 'Badness 0' http://tom7.org/bovex/ You get a pretty, but not entirely correct output.
eesmith · 2024-06-24
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16312317 - "A C89 compiler that produces executables that are also valid ASCII text files"
http://tom7.org/abc/
The paper for SIGBOVIK 2017 is both a text file and an executable.